A straight line drawn from a point a to the surface is called a projector and the surface is called the plane of projection. Mech2400 5400 engineering drawings lecture introduction. Orthographic drawings usually consist of a front view, a side view and a plan, but more views may be shown for complex objects with lots of detail. It is a continuing area of research in scientific visualization. Show hidden detail where necessary and fully dimensions your drawing. Fundamentals of drafting first angle orthographic projection. Orthographic projection introduction any object has three dimensions, that is, length, width and thickness. How to draw orthographic projection in hindi, iti drawing paper duration. Jul 08, 2018 how to draw orthographic projection in hindi, iti drawing paper duration. Drawings have been the unique language ever since the days of cavemen. Drawing views and orthographic projection i third angle projection. Engineering drawing online course video lectures by iit kanpur. Put simply, an orthographic projection is a way of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions.
Fundamentals of drafting first angle orthographic projection objectives. Engineering graphics orthographic projection lecture. Slide set 2 drawing views and orthographic projection i. Draw three views of the following components, either in first or third angle projection. Engineering drawing free online course video tutorial by iit kanpur. In the 2d system, we use only two coordinates x and y but in 3d, an extra coordinate z is added. In this sense, orthographic projection is different from isometric sketching where a variety of styles may be used. The point of perspective for the orthographic projection is at infinite distance. Orthographic projection sometimes referred to as orthogonal projection, used to be called analemma is a means of representing threedimensional objects in two dimensions. Orthographic projection orthographic projection shows complex objects by doing a 2d drawing of each side to show the main features. Given below the two orthographic views of an object in the third angle scheme, draw its isometric projection. Note, a 45 degree line allows the projection of the side view to the plan view. A projection is defined as a representation of an object on a two dimensional plane.
In some cases the previous rules conflict, and when this is so, rule 1 has preference as the advantage gained by having the irregular face without distortion is. It is a form of parallel projection, in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface. The most commonly used are top, front and right side views. To explain with the aid of drawings the meaning of orthographic projection in terms of. Nptel mechanical engineering engineering drawing, engineering drawings lines create six equal rectangles and draw lines as shown in chegg com templates and symbols make it easy for anyone to create diagrams in minutes even without prior experience. Orthographic projections engineering tolerance space. Who would havethought from the first picture that there was ahole going through it. See more ideas about orthographic projection, orthographic drawing and isometric drawing. Orthographic oblique parallel projection orthogonal 1st angle 2nd angle 3rd angle 4th angle. It is a form of parallel projection, where all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, resulting in every plane of the scene appearing.
Nptel syllabus engineering drawing web course course outline engineering drawing is a basic course for all undergraduate engineering program. The use of orthographic projection in cartography dates back to antiquity. Introduction to third angle orthographic projection. It is necessary to show only enough views to show all the features. An orthographic projection map is a map projection of cartography. Projections behind every 2d drawing of an object is a. Orthographic projection is a way of drawing an object from different directions. Projections of planes parallel to one of the reference planes. Projections of lines and planes by auxiliary plane method. Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines.
Defining the six principal views or orthographic views. Third angle projection, isometric view, orthographic. This enables anyone looking at the orthographic drawing, to work out the overall size of the object. Horizontal plane hp, vertical frontal plane vp side or profile plane pp planes. Orthographic projections orthographic projections are a collection of 2d drawings that work together to give an accurate overall representation of an object. Orthographic drawings are useful especially when a design has been. Engineering drawings lines nptel mechanical engineering.
Notice that the surface a appears as a line in the front orthographic view. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. The term orthographic drawing means the representation of the exact shape of an object. Orthographic projection simplified, student text mcgrawhill on. The final arrangement of the views are shown in the drawing below. Download this pdf document so that you can access it anytime and print any page that you may want to use the following pages contain information and exercises about orthogonal orthographic drawing term used in victoria term used in new zealand isometric drawing they can be used for. P on its longer end and two of its base edges are parallel to v. Orthographic projections is a technical drawing in which different views of an object are projected on different reference planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane. Thankfully, we have orthographic projections to help in situations like this. Projections of planes in this topic various plane figures are the objects. We all have the ability to astral project but most people fail because they cannot tune their brain waves into the right frequency. Indian institute of technology kanpur national programme. On engineering drawing, we have come a long way from the days of leonardo da vinci, the italian polymath who had compiled drawings on a large variety of inventions.
Engineering graphics orthographic projection lecture vidyalankar. Projection planes engineering drawing pdf perpendicular to the plane, the projection is called orthographic. Orthographic projection or orthogonal projection is a means of representing a threedimensional object in two dimensions. The plan view is drawn directly above the front view. For example, an orthographic projection of a house typically. First angle orthographic projection technology student. Orthographic projection, common method of representing threedimensional objects, usually by three twodimensional drawings in each of which the object is viewed along parallel lines that are perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. There is a wellestablished drawing vocabulary and grammarif you do not use it your drawings may be ambiguous or even misleading.
Multiview projection is an orthographic projection for which the object is behind the plane of projection, and the object is oriented such that only two of its dimensions are shown. Astral projection is dependant of the brain, and controlling the brain is one of the hardest obstacles beginners face. Isometric view orthographic projection engineering drawing. Orthographic projection module 1 understanding projection by. Projection lines do not touch the object and are drawn perpendicular to the element you are dimensioning. The orthographic projection is a kind of representation by which an object is presented by the means of line drawing on a projection plane. It is represented in two or more views in which the objects are seen perpendicular to the objects surface. View notes lecture 2 orthographic projections, principle views from cgn 2328 at university of florida. The observers eye, or station point the plane of projection the projectors also called visual rays or lines of sight projections. Dimensions measurements are added to the completed views. Engineering drawings a short series of lectures on engineering drawing as part of engg1960. Orthographic drawings are the projection of views on a drawing. All dimensions less than 1 should have a leading zero.
Surface a is perpendicular to the frontal projection plane. By shooting rays from the eyepoint out into the scene, we determine what is visible at the screen pixel that the ray passes through. Introduction to orthogonal projection sakshi education. Oblique projection cavalier views are not preferred. Engineering drawing web course mechanical engineering nptel. Basic concepts of orthographic projections 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 orthographic problems with solution pdf. Usually front, side and plan views are drawn so that a person looking at the drawing can see all the. Orthographic projection all dimension in millimetres orthographic projection exercises mod 25 18. Orthographic projection and sectioning orthographic projection is a formal drawing language. Orthographic projections free download as powerpoint presentation. Orthographic and perspective projection raycasting object space rendererprojection screen space renderer we have been, until now, creating images by raycasting.
Orthographic projections i main topics aintroduction to orthographic projections b three rules c examples ii introduction to orthographic projections a provide twodimensional representations of objects b points are projected such that lines of projection are all parallel and hence are all perpendicular to a single plane c points project as points. Draw the isometric projection of a frustum of square pyramid of shorter base edge 30 mm and longer base edge 50 mm with the axial height of 60 mm, kept on h. Orthographic projection drawing any subject can be shown by three different views that set out its three dimensional reality on flat paper in a way that permits scale measurement of each view. Orthographic projection and solved question youtube. When the object is complex from inside therewhen the object is complex from inside, there will be many hidden lines in the projections and it. Select a simple three dimensional object and draw it in first angle projection. Explains basic concepts of orthographic projection by help of three dimensional model. Orthographic projections indian institute of technology. Construction of a parabola orthographic views first angle axonometric projection isometric scale isometric view. The projections of an object should convey all the three dimensions, along with. An useful presentation for all those 1st year engineering students who are afraid of. Projections of planes inclined to one reference plane and perpendicular to the other. Orthographic projection definition of orthographic.
Lecture 2 orthographic projections, principle views. Notice how the symbol for first angle orthographic projection has been added and the paper has a title block and borderline. It is at an angle inclined to the horizontal and profile planes and therefore it appears foreshortened in the top and side views. Modeling projection projection is a matrix multiply using homogeneous coordinates. Orthographic projections aintroduction to orthographic. If the projector is perpendicular to the plane of projection, then such a projection is called an orthographic projection.
766 1316 1225 1448 129 1291 57 639 309 397 1182 1628 1486 1613 323 1041 247 1429 1300 1346 302 1056 685 213 790 1469 569 254 610 956 208 515 476 224 189 1497 192